International Journal of Research on Social and Natural Sciences

The Partition of India in 1947 was one of the largest mass migrations in human history, and it also led to one of the bloodiest religious conflicts in recent history. The Partition divided the British Indian Empire into two independent dominions. The Dominion of India, a Hindu- majority state, and the Dominion of Pakistan, a Muslim majority state. The Partition of Bengal was a part of the Partition of India. The Bengal Province was divided along religious lines, with the western, Hindu- majority portion becoming part of India and the eastern, Muslim-majority portion becoming part of Pakistan. These divisions left millions of people on the wrong side of the border, and it led to widespread violence and displacement. The consequences of India’s Partition were devastating. An estimated 12-15 million people were displaced during the partition, and between 1 and 2 million people were killed. The Partition also had a profound impact on the social and political landscape of the Indian Sub-continent. The Partition of Bengal was a particularly tragic event. It led to divided families and communities that had lived together for centuries. In This paper, I will primarily discuss the story of the Bengali Muslim Women who stayed back in West Bengal after the Partition. It deals with their struggle, their segregation, and their search for an identity. The majority community of Muslims of United Bengal became a minority in West Bengal following the partition, and were reduced to ordinary Muslim men and Women had to bear the brunt of the Muslim League’s Direct- Action Call, its proposal for partition. Bengali Muslims now came to be perceived as Pakistanis. To most of the Bengali Hindus, who migrated from East Pakistan to West Bengal as homeless refugee, the Muslims of West Bengal became a visible target for their anger.

In the age of globalisation in techno-pedagogy-based teaching-learning systems, there exist many weapons and strategies for providing good guidance simultaneously to develop every aspect of the SENs with normal children together under one roof. The teacher's attitude is most important to deal with the great activity. In the study the researchers want to determine the level of attitude & attitude towards CWSN of teachers based on gender, stream, nature of service, teacher education and teaching experiences. The study is an empirical descriptive type of quantitative survey research. A total of 105 teachers (59 male & 46 female, 71 arts & 34 science, 75 full-time & 30 para teachers, 70 trained & 35 non-trained, 72 with up to 15 years of teaching experience & 33 with more than 15 years) have been selected from different schools of secondary education in Krishnagar-II Block in Nadia district, West Bengal, utilising a simple random sampling technique. The data have been gathered by the researchers’ made & standardised tool: Attitude Scale for Teachers on CWSN, administered on the sample. The statistics-mean, SD and “t” test-have been run to analyse the collected data and interpret the results in this study. In the study six null hypotheses (formulated on different categorical variables of all strata) have been accepted and are insignificant at the .05 level. Thus, the researchers have revealed that the teachers’ attitude towards CWSN is at a favourable level, and gender, stream, nature of service, teacher education & teaching experience do not differentiate in teachers’ attitude towards CWSN. In the participant teachers the male, arts stream, Para, non-trained and up to 15 years of teaching experience categories of teachers need training about CWSN and teaching skills for diversified classrooms. The researchers have suggested that the teachers have to know many aspects of CWSN students before interaction in the classroom to guide effectively.

This research investigates the critical dynamics of rural employment and migration in Bihar, a state grappling with dense population and significant developmental bottlenecks. The study's primary objective is to analyse employment patterns, migration trends, and the socio-economic factors driving labour mobility within the rural economy. Utilizing a methodology centered on primary data collection, the researchers surveyed 1,000 rural households across 10 representative districts in Bihar. The findings reveal a stark scarcity of local employment opportunities, which serves as the primary catalyst for large-scale rural-to-urban migration as workers seek improved livelihoods. Furthermore, the results highlight a pressing need for enhanced social security for migrants and suggest that the rural economy could be revitalized through targeted investments in infrastructure, local industries, and vocational training for the youth. The relevance of this study lies in its actionable insights for policymakers; by detailing the specific pressures on the rural workforce, it provides a strategic roadmap for creating localized opportunities, reducing poverty, and fostering sustainable rural development initiatives tailored to Bihar’s unique demographic challenges.

In today’s interconnected world, managing cultural diversity is no longer an optional consideration but a vital aspect of organizational strategy. This paper investigates the transformative role of cross-cultural human resource management (HRM) within Indian companies, examining how cultural dynamics impact both individual development and organizational performance. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study explores the dual-sided impact of cultural diversity on workforce productivity, identifies key factors influencing employees' adaptation to cross-cultural environments, and examines innovative trends that are reshaping HR practices in India. Situated in the context of India's unique and varied cultural landscape, this research reveals both the challenges and strategic opportunities that arise when navigating institutional and social diversity. Findings underscore the significance of culturally adaptive HR practices, the rise of diverse work teams, and the growing trend of inclusive and flexible HR policies. This study advocates for a multichannel, proactive recruitment approach, emphasizing that understanding cultural dynamics is essential for building resilient and high-performing organizations. By offering valuable insights, this research equips HR professionals to navigate the complexities of cross-cultural management and to harness diversity as a powerful driver of sustainable organizational success.

The aim of this study is to determine trainee teachers’ attitude towards teaching profession (ATTP) in terms of gender and locality of institution. The Teachers’ Attitude Scale towards Teaching Profession (Jan & Habib, 2021) was revalidated and standardised by the present researchers following the standard procedure. The investigators have randomly selected 155 trainee teachers as samples from four B.Ed. colleges (2 govt.-aided & 2 private) in North 24 Pgs. and Nadia district of West Bengal. Based on item analysis, items with a t-value less than 2.58 were rejected, and a t-value equal to or greater than 2.58 was accepted at the 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, 26 items were kept out of 30 in the final version of the scale. By using the internal consistency approach, the reliability coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha is .827, and content validity was checked. The results revealed that there was an insignificant difference in the ATTP in terms of gender, but there exists a statistically significant difference in terms of the locality of institution.

The COVID-19 pandemic required strong epidemiological models to understand and predict disease spread. The traditional Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model, though fundamental, frequently overlooks real-world intricacies. Studies emphasize the possibility of integrating prey-predator dynamics, drawn from the Lotka-Volterra model, to provide a deeper insight into COVID-19 transmission by framing the connection between susceptible people and the virus (or infected individuals) as a predator-prey dynamic. Here in this modelling, we take infected population as prey and the healthcare capacity as the predator. In normal COVID-19 models we have seen that healthcare capacity can be an important part as when the healthcare capacity is low and infection rate is high then there is an out spurge in the mortality rates. Here we wish to choose the healthcare capacity as the constant parameter and try to understand the infection rates considering different scenario.

During the cold war, Bangladesh emerged as an independent and sovereign state in South Asia on December 15, 1971. The country's economic, military, and political assistance in the liberation war brought India very close to achieving alliance. In March 1972, a historic peace and friendship agreement was signed between the two countries. Relations took a strong shape during Mujibur Rahman's rule; they took a somewhat narrow shape during the BNP period. However, above all, close relations have been observed during the Hasina Government, which is an example in world politics. Bilateral relations have improved from strength to strength through different levels. Recently, the relationship has taken a downturn with the fall of the Awami League regime in the intense anti-discrimination student uprising. An interim government was formed and Mohammad Yunus Saheb took over as its chief advisor. Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed Mahadaya. However, the situation of not getting wet in the water, giving shelter to Hasina in India can be said to be a big issue for Bangladesh. Since August 5, 2024, the student advisors have expressed their anger over the unresolved issues. India has played a neutral role, although it is trying to keep relations normal for the sake of security, which is a positive aspect. The total border length of Bangladesh is approximately 5138 kilometres, of which 4096 kilometres are with India. Overall, not only internal issues but also international border issues have become a threat to India's security. However, the main objective of this research paper is to analyse the causes of border problems, water distribution, discrimination against minorities, terrorism and discuss its impact on India's national security and bilateral relations and try to find solutions. The information has been collected mainly from primary and secondary data such as various articles, scholarly journals, research papers and observation of the current situation. The paper has followed qualitative and quantitative methods as research methods.